Just like we have a lot of programming languages
We have a lot of way to write configurations.
To my knowledge, JS, JSON, yml, toml, frontmatter, dotenv or even inlined comments can work as configuratoin instructions.
A horrible mess
There are currently no way I am aware of, at the time of writing, which will generate universal configuration files that works everywhere. To make things worse some vendor or third party libraries use non-human readable binary configuration files generated by proprietary code.
Good luck
In the JavaScript world everything end up being JS files so there are a number of ways to get around this. Even during transpiling step it is theoratically possible to pull in additional information if needed from wherever you want.
This could be extremely hard for languages that require compiling.